Residential buildings made of galled logs, a beam or log house are lightweight structures, which makes it possible to use a variety of foundations for a wooden house.
The strip foundation
The most widespread strip foundations. The fine -sized tape is used mainly on clay and loam (subject to the device of the drainage system), and rocky soils, that is, on strong bases. The main reason for its use is minor deformations on the shrinkage of the structure and the relative ease of installation. In addition, this is the only lightweight foundation that allows you to arrange a basement in the house.
From blocks:
Blind area;
Backfilling with soil;
Monolithic;
Bulk soil;
Monolithic concrete;
Brick;
Brickwork;
Backfill;
On heaving soils.
I from blocks;
II monolithic;
III of brick;
Sand-gravel mixture;
Gravel or crushed stone;
Sand pillow.
The disadvantage of this design can be considered a fairly significant amount of work on the excavation of soil, waterproofing of the structural elements and the device of a competent ring drainage system.
Columnar
In turn, columnar foundations are used in the construction of structures on heaving soils, sandy floats and sandy loam. The most common designs of concrete blocks are 20 × 20×40 cm, installed two or monolithic filling, followed. The advantages of this method of construction are high speed and insignificant volume of earthwork. The cost of the foundation for the wooden house is also quite low, but there is a need for high -quality insulation of the floor of the first floor.
Varieties of medium -sized column foundations:
Building reinforced concrete:
The team reinforced concrete column;
Bashmak prefabricated reinforced concrete foundation;
Brick:
Brick column;
Waterproofing layer;
Bottle foundation;
Carrying wall:
Stone -loading wall;
Waterproofing;
Foundation beam;
Concrete blocks;
Reinforced concrete pillow;
Slag.
A frame with a self -supporting wall.
Self -supporting stone wall;
Waterproofing;
Reinforced concrete foundation beam;
Reinforced concrete column;
Building reinforced concrete foundation.
Pile
One of the varieties of the foundation of this type is pile foundations. Their installation is even more simple, the team of workers can set the foundation in one day. Piles can also be used on all types of soils, except for rocky. This type of foundation for a wooden house can be successfully used on marshy and peat soils, preventing a significant shrinkage of the building.
Distinguish screw piles according to the type of tip, which is intended for soils of different types:
Welded universal tip for low -rise construction;
Grinded tips for stony soils;
Lightweight for flooded and melt soils;
For forever frozen soils;
Welded for low -rise moths.
The reason is that the pile can be increased, thus, a significant deepening of the base is achieved, deeper than the horizon of groundwater and the depth of freezing. Another feature of the pile foundation is the ability to install the contectation in the winter period. Thus, it is possible to significantly save time on construction, by starting the construction of wooden walls of the building in early spring.
There is another type of pile, which is now very rarely used. Applying them, the customer receives a real wooden foundation. We are talking about piles made of wood, for many years many techniques have been developed that protect the material from decay and rapid damage, and various designs allow you to erect rather massive buildings.
At the moment, the foundations of this type are more decorative than constructive. Despite the abundance of antiseptic and anti -piren impregnations, such grounds are not too durable and they have to be periodically reconstructed or completely replaced.
But not only wooden elements require replacement. Many columnar foundations, especially in old houses, squinted and require replacement.
Foundation repair
First of all, it is necessary to raise the house itself. Given that the weight of a wooden house is much less than stone, and the clutch between the structural elements is significantly higher, there are no special problems when lifting the house on the jacks.
The most responsible action when replacing the foundation under a wooden house is to raise the load -bearing structures on the jacks and temporary columns:
The first crowns of the house are fixed with boards, from the inside and rods of 20 mm thick, from the external. The jacks are installed under those parts of the walls that do not have rotten parts. Between the piston and the first crown, a metal gasket with a thickness of at least 5 mm is mandatory. The sizes of the details do not have much importance, the main thing is that the tree does not deform under pressure.
Each wall rises in turn by 5 cm. Temporary supports may consist of cuts of wooden beams installed vertically. When installing them, it is also necessary to use metal lining, both on top – between the timber and the log, and from below. The lower metal lining is allowed to be replaced with a stone.
At each angle of the wall, a concrete platform is mounted with a dimensions of 60 × 60 and a recess of at least 50 cm. On the site you can build a column foundation of brick or concrete blocks. After that, you can fix the formwork shields for pouring a new strip foundation to the columns.
In the entire length of the strip foundation in the formwork, technological niches should be provided for installing jacks. After the house is lowered on a new base, they can be laid with brick, but not completely, so that there are extras to the ventilation of the underground.
You can lower the house to a new strip foundation after 28 days, when the concrete completely gains maximum strength.
Foundation decoration
After a complete replacement was made, you can start decorating the foundation of a wooden house outside. The natural stone looks most harmonious with wood as a finishing material.
There are various types of basement cladding by natural stone.
The choice depends solely on the taste of the owner, the design of the facade and the personal plot. Facing work should be done with a special enhanced adhesive composition for natural stones. It is recommended to process with special protective varnish so that the stones retain their original appearance as long as possible.