The foundation of the Swedish slab is a monolithic, uninhabited, insulated base, the main distinguishing feature of which is that thermal insulation is placed between the soil and the foundation plate into which the warm floor is poured.
The main principle of the device of such a foundation is an integrated approach and a strict sequence of execution of all stages. Indeed, to create one building structure, such rather complex technologies are combined as:
Monolithic foundation plate that allows you to arrange a house on a soil of any type, including on the heaving. Under a layer of insulation, the soil does not freeze and does not go down, which excludes sedimentary deformations.
The waterproof system, combined with a flat black concrete surface, is already completely ready for laying the finish flooring of any type: parquet, laminate, carpet, tile, pouring polyurethane or epoxy floor. In fact, combining several construction processes in one, one can achieve savings not only of funds, but also by bringing time to the final stage of the floor at an early stage of construction.
However, this method of construction requires an accurate plan for the future structure and strict observance of the place of communication of all types, especially water and gas supply and sewage system and drainage systems. This must be done so that plumbing and gas equipment is strictly in the designated place.
The Swedish warm slab is actually a foundation, a slab of ceiling of the first floor and a black warm floor in one construction monolithic structure.
Swedish foundation device scheme:
Polystyrene foam emergency or foam -declaring insulation;
Base – soil;
Pschain pillow;
Drainage pipe for driving water from the surface of the soil;
Finishing the facade;
Warming: polystyrene foam plates (simple with a density of not more than 25-30 kg \ m3.), mineral or basalt cotton wool.
Wall of the structure;
Reinforced concrete base;
Reinforcing cage;
The pipes of the warm floor.
Advantages and disadvantages
The advantages of the Swedish warm slab include:
Low installation speed of the structure. A professional team, in the presence of all the necessary materials, and the means of low mechanization will install all layers for the structure of medium -sized up to 5 days. With a technological pause, the necessary concrete gains the necessary strength, the time of the device of such a foundation will take about two weeks.
The main criteria affecting the time of construction are:
Foundation size;
The experience of builders in the performance of work of this type.
A high coefficient of thermal insulation and waterproofing, due to which the process of absorption of moisture with the walls and floor becomes much lower. As a result of this, the dew point is released behind the internal horizon of the walls, and mold or rot does not appear on the building structures of the house.
The foundation has a wide area of application. It can be arranged on difficult soils of various types:
Sandy;
Swampy;
Floody.
The building, erected on this basis, subject to proper insulation, has minimal operational insulation costs.
The installation of such a foundation does not require the use of special heavy construction equipment. It is enough to use manual and small means of mechanization:
Concrete mixers;
Building vibrators;
Electric welding machines (for the installation of a spatial reinforced frame).
Thanks to this, it is possible to significantly reduce the total cost of the project, although the price of the Swedish foundation is higher than other types of grounds.
Of the main disadvantages, it can be noted:
Installation requires detailed plans and calculations, in addition, it is necessary to follow them as accurately as possible.
Difficulties may arise in the repair or replacement of pipes of the foundation in such a foundation.
The cost of consumables is quite high.
The device of the Swedish foundation
The technology of the device is quite complicated and should be carried out in a strict sequence:
A place for a construction site is marked. Binding to the site. The top layer of soil is removed with a depth of 40-50 cm, with an area of 0.5 m in each direction more than the size of the plate.
Geotextiles are laid on the bottom of the pit.
The sand pillow is poured and compacted and compacted up to 20 cm thick. If necessary, during tamping, the sand is wetted with water;
Along the perimeter of the foundation of the pit, the pipes of the drainage system are laid outside the plate.
Pipes of basic engineering systems are installed at the site of the future plate.
Filling with gravel, up to 20 cm thick, the layer is leveled and trimmed.
Extruded polystyrene foam is installed over the entire area of the plate as formwork, thickness up to 50 mm. Allowed, but not recommended, installation only around the perimeter.
The waterproofing reinforced plastic film is laid.
The reinforcing spatial frame on special stands is mounted. Diameter of reinforcing rods 12 mm.
Pipes of a warm water floor are installed in the frame.
A concrete screed is poured with a thickness of 10 cm. After hardening, grinds with the use of special additives – tops that give the surface additional strength.
Pipe installation rules
The main difficulty when arranging a Swedish foundation with your own hands is the correct placement of warm floor pipes to achieve the maximum effect at minimal costs.
The distance between the pipes is in the interval of 10-25 cm.
The indentation of pipes from the outer walls is 15 cm.
The duration of the pipe of one heating circuit should not exceed 100 m.
If the filling of the foundation was made on cards and the plate has joints, their intersecting pipes should be protected by metal tubes – sleeves at a distance of 15 cm in both sides of the joint.