The foundation is a supporting plane located under the structure and transmitting the load from the building – soil. The most popular and common is the tape base – a closed circuit made of a team or monolithic structure, which is laid under the main walls and directs the weight of the building around the perimeter.
This is important! In the operational period, the foundation is subject to loads: from the movement of the soil, from frosty heaving (causes stretching in the upper part of the base), from the mass of the structure (the lower part is stretched, the upper one is compressed). And if the reinforcement of the strip foundation is not done correctly, then this will lead to the collapse of not only walls, but also the building itself. Therefore, these works must be taken seriously.
Rules for laying reinforcement
Reinforcement of the strip foundation
Before installing metal rods, it is necessary to dig trenches, equip a sand-gravel pillow, build the formwork, and only after these works begin to reinforce;
Since the compression load acts on concrete, and steel rods are exposed to stretching, only the upper and lower parts of the base reinforce. And on the middle part of the foundation, the load does not work in any way, so it is not strengthened;
Longitudinal rods that are laid in the lower and upper parts of the base, perceive the main loads. They use hot -rolled rod reinforcement (class A3).;
If the base has a height of more than 1.5 m, then both transverse and vertical rods are mounted. For them, smooth hot roller reinforcement is used (class A1, with a cross section of 6 to 8 mm);
In order to connect the transverse and vertical reinforcement in the frame, a clamp is used. Such a ligament is intended to fix the rods in the necessary position and limit the appearance and spread of cracks. It should also be noted that the longitudinal rods are located inside the frame;
All gaps-between the steps of the transverse reinforcement and the bonds of the longitudinal, SNiP-OM (52-01-2003) are determined;
When connecting the reinforcement, welding cannot be used, since the quality of the rods worsens. But if the rods have the inscription “C” on the marking, then it can be welded. And other types of reinforcement are tied with wire;
So that the reinforcement scheme of the strip foundation is of high quality, that the rods do not come into contact with the formwork and soil, otherwise they will rust;
Particular attention is paid to strengthening the angles of the enclosure of the basement strip, since the angle of such a structure is subject to concentrated stress.
For high -quality reinforcement of crosses and angles, special corners are bent, using rods (class A3), since their hardening is not carried out with a simple crosshair, because, in this case, the base under the house will not be a single design, but will become a set of beams that are not connected by a friend with friend;
They take into account that horizontally the rods are laid in pairs at 0.3 m distance from each other. And vertically – with a 2m step;
Sometimes to decorate the structure, a bay window is used, and an angle (dumb) is equipped in the foundation. And to strengthen it, longitudinal rods (internal) are carried out through the frame and tied to the outer part of the base. Also set up additional clamps (transverse), as well as g – figurative effort.
Knitting reinforcement
Recommendations
When acquiring the reinforcement to the consultant, explain what type of construction you plan to build, since rods of different diameters are used for various types. For example, if they are going to build a garage, then the rods of 10 – 12 mm are quite suitable, and a greater cross section is needed for the house;
Put the reinforcement in the cell: the first row is attached to the second at right angles, other rows are fixed similarly;
Calculation of the number of reinforcement is a difficult matter and requires some knowledge of the nuances of the work, and in order not to be mistaken, you need to contact a specialist who will help to calculate the footage and cross -section of the rods. If the error is made at the same time, then you will have to buy the reinforcement or it will be more necessary;
Also, ventilation holes (fan pipes) are arranged in the basement of the foundation;
For the construction of the strip base, concrete of brand M200 is used.
Proper reinforcement of the strip foundation
We examined how to reinforce the strip foundation so that it is of high quality, we must be guided by the instructions and not neglect the recommendations of specialists. Before starting work, you need to deal with its technological nuances, and only then start construction.
Monolithic foundation
First, we will figure out what is such a base for, and for which buildings it is intended. If they plan to build a house with a basement or basement, and build it from stone or brick, then you can apply this type of foundation, but it should not be buried.
Its calculation is made, taking into account the density of the soil in a particular area. And when calculating the width, they are guided by the bearing capacity of the tape, which is dependent on the number of floors, wall thickness, and the presence of the basement.
Monolithic strip foundation
Advantages:
A good option for arranging the base for the house;
Makes it possible to build massive buildings that will stand for many years;
It has an arbitrary shape – a rectangle, a trapezoid, a hexagon, etc.
Flaws:
High cost;
A monolithic foundation cannot be equipped on peat soil and on floats.
Conclusion
The article considers how to perform work to strengthen the strip base for the building, and it is also stated that the foundation is a monolithic reinforced tape and from which material buildings are erected on it. For proper and high -quality work, it is necessary to make the right calculation, clarify the nuances of the technological process and consult with consultants, so as not to make extra costs.
In the event that something is not clear or you don’t understand something better to contact specialists who will not only help to make calculations of the required amount of material, but also advise which type of foundation is more suitable for a specific site.