In those places where underground waters lie almost at the surface (weak, low -strength or highly distinguished soil), as well as in regions subject to frequent flooding, people build houses at some distance from the soil. In fact, the structure is based on logs driven into the ground, which lift it by 1 or 2 meters.
By making a pile foundation with your own hands, you need to consider that to perform this design, you can use clogging or brownish piles. The first type requires the use of special equipment, and the second – the presence of a manual storm.
Construction of a pile foundation
Type and design
Cutted piles are made of wood, reinforced concrete or steel. One end is sharpened, and in order to avoid damage, it is protected by a steel tip, and a ring is strengthened on the second side (so that there is no split when the hammer is hit). After installing the structure, they are cut at the same level and connected by the grillage. The length of the wooden log is 8.5 m, and the cross section is up to 34 cm.
If the pile is made of reinforced concrete, then Mark M 200 is used for it, and its operational period will be at least 100 years.
DIY pile foundation
This type of foundation can be made from hollow pipes, which are light, they are clogged deeply and filled with concrete for stability. There is a type with a welded spiral strip.
If the soil is swollen on the site, then the brownish piles are used. For such a design, it is not necessary to rent a construction equipment, but they build it, concreting drilled wells. This process is produced by manual drill (diameter 30 cm, the length of the rod is above 5 m). To calculate the well, the soil features are taken into account, but most often its depth reaches up to 10 m, and the radius is 0.1 m.
Recommendations for the construction of the design
Consider how to install a pile foundation with your own hands, and how the parameters of internal piles are calculated, taking into account all the loads.
This is important! You need to know what diameter the boat has, and also if necessary, you can adjust the length of the bar, which makes it possible to perform wells with a depth of more than 5 m. Electric boors are used if the pile has a diameter over 50 – 60 cm.
Consider the order of work, after all the wells are drilled.
The pipes are made from roofing material, their diameter is equal to the cross section of the wells, and the length of 0.2 – 0.3 m larger than the depth of the well;
Its top is made of several layers of waterproofing material, tightened with wire and neatly inserted into the well;
If at the bottom of the pit water, which fills it by ¼, then it is pumped out;
If a pipe is not used from waterproofing material, then this will negatively affect the strength of the base of the building;
After preparing the well, in order to increase the strength of the columns, they make a frame from the reinforcement. Of 3 rods of 6 mm wire, with crosses, they fasten it every 0.5 – 0.6 m;
In order to make a strong connection, the vertical rods must be less than the grillage per 2 – 3 cm;
As soon as the frame is installed in the pit, pile of pile foundation is performed with their own hands, that is, served concrete and tamp it using the construction vibrator.
Grillage
This design is necessary to combine piles and ensures that the pressure on the soil and columns is uniform. The grillage is a prefabricated, monolithic, prefabricated monolithic, high and low. The latter species is suitable for deepening into the soil, and it partially transfers the pressure vertically in the ground, and when the high building is erected, the entire weight is redistributed to the piles.
For a small and easy house, experts recommend the following grillage parameters:
If they are placed in one row, then the width of the piles is equal to the width of the basement. If it is not, then it coincides with the thickness of the walls, but not less than 0.4 m;
Moreover, their height should be 0.3 m.
Some rules for the construction of a grillage
This design cannot be cut or intersected by a sanitary pipeline. 5 cm deviation is allowed from the vertical of centers;
When pouring concrete, stuffed piles are filled with a mixture, and T – figurative reinforcement is located vertically. The next layer of frame wire is laid horizontally. Its length is equal to the width of the piles along with welded limiters;
If the beam is replaced by a beer of reinforced concrete, then they are fastened with welding or twisted with wire;
Joints and seams will be filled with concrete;
If a residential building is erected, then the mark of the plane of the grillage is checked and aligned with the installation horizon, then the final measurement of its sides and the diagonal is made.
How to make a cladding
For the arrangement of false – basement, asbestos cement sheets are used, which are fixed with special nails or bolts, but this is an option for non -residential premises.
And for facing the house, clinker tiles are used, which is stronger than the slate and it is easy to mount (saw, cut, drill, fix it).
In order for the cladding of the pile foundation with your own hands to be made qualitatively, polypropylene, composite or fiber cement panels, siding are used. They give the building a special style.
Pile foundation
Conclusion
For industrial and residential buildings, this foundation is used, which is recommended to be erected under a few storey structure located on a site with weak soil.
Applying the pile base, work on the organization of the basement is reduced, or they are excluded from the list. Such a foundation is suitable for the construction of a country house or cottage.