Formwork is a form for the foundation. It is simple to make it yourself, since it is made of wood, and sometimes used and metal is used. Consider how the formwork is installed, and what happens.
Types
According to the application, exists:
Aluminum;
Combined;
Steel;
Plastic
Wooden.
By the type of assembly and in design it happens:
Block and sliding
Finely and large shield;
Voluminous and lifting-and-step;
Horizontally rearranged and non -removable.
Installation of wooden formwork
For thermal conductivity, there is:
Warming and not insulated;
Special.
The formwork design consists of three main details: fasteners, decks with shields and supporting forests.
How to properly install the form, depending on the type of foundation?
Consider the methods of installing formwork, for example, with a strip base under the house. In this case, one of two types of form is used: continuous or stepped.
When using the first type, the work is divided into the following stages:
In order to drop the foundation, they are used and installed on both sides, lighthouse shields (at a distance of 3 to 4 m from each other) and they are fixed using spacers. In order for the base under the house to become even, a multiple number of shields are placed between the boards;
Side boards are fixed by longitudinal contractions;
For their stability, the struts that are necessary are attached to them in order to leve shields (vertically);
To strengthen the boards, use brackets (spring) or hooks (stretch);
Since a continuous shape can have a height above a meter, for the convenience of filling with concrete solution and its ramers, a staircase is installed and equipped with a special platform;
After the work performed, the formwork is dismantled in the reverse order.
Installation of wooden formwork on a strip foundation
For installation of stepped shape, it is necessary:
Mount the lower step of the structure and concrete it;
Install the second layer of formwork and pour it with solution;
This method is being built by the entire structure, but with this work it can also be applied in a continuous shape, but it is necessary to observe the accuracy of the level of the former tier.
If the formwork is installed on an uneven surface, then it is necessary to align the foundation, that is, make a spatch. For this, sand is brought, and the slope is aligned according to the drawings, and only after that they begin work on the construction of the base under the house. There is another option – this is soil cutting to the desired height. Here you can equip a garage, or another room, and in order for the soil not to crumble, they make supports in the form of columns that will rest against a hinged building.
Plaet foundation
When applying such a base under the house, it is necessary to dig a pit and insert the boards horizontally (into one tier). They should be located higher than the foundation plate, otherwise the solution will flow.
In the event that the base under the house is not high, then boards will be needed, the height of which will be up to 50 cm. But if the base is above the house, then the form will require more than two rows.
This is important! Outside, the boards are aligned with spacers that are driven into the ground and fastened with all the rows of formwork. They need to be supported by struts installed at a certain angle in the ground. The evenness of the angles (vertical and horizontal) is checked by applying the building level. After these work, the entire area of the base under the house is waterproofed.
Columnar base and grillage
Consider how the installation of wooden formwork is carried out for this type of base. The work is carried out in the same way as with a columnar base, only the shields are located horizontally. At this time, they make sure that the concrete solution falls into the formwork. If the foundation has a height of more than 1 m, then the supports are mounted vertically, but at the same time the work is carried out in several stages.
If the foundation has the shape of a cylinder, then an iron, ceramic or asbestos -cement fixed formwork is needed.
If the shape is made under the grillage, then it will be located at a certain distance from the surface of the earth, therefore, in the design it is necessary to fix the corners of the tape below qualitatively, otherwise the solution will partially spill. And inclined supports in this case will be longer, and their ends will rest against the ground.
Installation rules
Consider how to properly install the formwork, and what work should be carried out at the same time.
First, the site is cleaned of irregularities and garbage.
The side of the formwork that is directed to concrete should not have flaws.
Formation of the form is made so that when filling the solution, there is no shrinkage, otherwise the foundation is deformed and will not withstand the loads.
All boards are tightly interconnected.
A meter is used to check the size of the flood form, a level is used to determine horizontal, and to identify the correctness by vertical, a plumb line is needed. In the event that they want to apply the formwork more than once after removal, it is cleaned of garbage.
How to make a formwork on your own?
This is not a difficult idea, for it it is necessary to observe the size, tiers and compliance with clear lines.
In the manufacture of shields, remember that their width should be equal to the aboveground part of the foundation. If you follow the recommendations of specialists, then it will be 5 cm above the base of the structure. This will allow you to avoid the loss of material during the pouring of the formwork. And the gutter will provide the optimum temperature and humidity for solidifying the solution.
Installation of formwork on a monolithic foundation
Having made the shields, make sure that the metal fasteners that protrude outside do not get inside the formwork, otherwise this will lead to the appearance of the form to the appearance of the chip on the surface of the base under the house. So that this does not happen with a hat of screws and cloves, placed on the inside of the form.
How to align?
We examined how to set the formwork on the foundation depending on its type, and now we will consider how to align it.
If the upper plate is monolithic, then the lower plane is aligned by falling asleep with a sand cushion to the bottom of the groove. The foundation should be even around the perimeter. In order for both planes to be aligned, it is necessary to make high -quality formwork.
If the irregularities are essential, then it should be re -installed by the form for pouring concrete, and in the event that the defects are insignificant, then it is covered with brick from the outside and nailed rabitsa, and then plastered.
Conclusion
The article considers the technology for installing formwork at various types of foundation. What way to choose does the owner of the site decide during the construction of the house. In the event that they independently cannot carry out work on the construction of a form for the foundation, then they turn to specialists who will quickly and efficiently do everything that is necessary in a particular case, for a certain area, region and climatic zone.
Installation of formwork is a responsible business on which the quality of the foundation of the house depends. If even minor errors are made at the initial stage of construction, then after a while the walls can be destroyed, so it is necessary to follow the instructions and observe technological, sanitary and SNiP norms.