For the construction of any building or even outbuilding, a calculation of the amount of material is calculated and the foundation is laying.
Since the foundation is the basis of the building, its foreshow (upper part) takes the load on itself, and the sole (lower part) distributes it to the soil.
Consider how the reinforcement for the strip foundation is calculated, but before that we will figure out the characteristics of the reinforced concrete base.
Reinforcement of the strip foundation
The main parameters
This type is used in construction, as it is suitable for any type of soil, the life of the building is 150 years. The strip foundation can be built without the use of construction and lifting equipment.
For the strength and reliability of the structure, it is necessary to correctly calculate not only the diameter, deepening, but also the number of required reinforcement.
The main thing is not only to choose concrete with the necessary characteristics, but also to choose a suitable reinforcement scheme. Here I would like to note that concrete is a fragile material, since with a slight soil shift, it can burst.
In order for this building material to maintain plasticity, it must be reinforced, for this, a metal rod is used, which for a better connection with concrete has a ribbed surface.
What cross section is used?
To calculate the bearing capacity on the basis of the structure, and in order to determine the desired diameter of the reinforcement for the strip foundation, the calculations are performed during the creation of the project.
For this work, the rods are mainly used 10 – 12 mm of the section, less often their diameter is 14 mm. But if the building is erected on non -pierce soil, then the rod can have a diameter of 8 mm.
A reinforcement plan
In order for the erected foundation to maintain strength for a long time, it is necessary to carry out work on reinforcing not only the upper, but also the lower part of the base of the building. To do this, use steel rods that are laid horizontally and make their compounds, using vertical jumper.
Horizontal longitudinal rods take over most of the bearing capacity in the areas of the base, and the transverse horizontal and vertical ones, give strength and are used as a frame.
Tape foundation reinforcement scheme
Basically, four longitudinal horizontal rods are laid, two of which are placed at the top, and the other two on the bottom of the structure.
It should be taken into account that jumpers (vertical) are mounted from 0.3 to 0.8 m distance from each other. They are made from a smaller smooth rod.
In order to protect the rod from corrosion, it is buried in the foundation by 50 mm, and the gap between the shared rods is 30 cm.
We calculate the number of reinforcement
Consider how the required amount of reinforcement for the strip foundation is calculated. And the correct calculation is necessary so that in the future it is not necessary to once again make the costs of transporting building material, in case of lack of it.
In order to determine the number of ribbed rods, calculate the perimeter of the structure and add to it the length of the walls (internal, under which the foundation is located), the resulting result is change to the number of the rods indicated on the scheme.
Consider the example of how to make the correct calculations and set the required number of reinforcement for equipment of the foundation 7 * 8 m, with 7 m of the internal wall.
Suppose that the reinforcement scheme involves the presence of 6 longitudinal rods with a section of 1.2 cm. Then we will get:
(7 + 8) * 2 = 30 m – the perimeter of the structure;
30 + 7 = 37m – the length of the base (total);
37 * 6 = 222 m
As a result, we get that the necessary length of the reinforcement is 222 m for the construction of this design, but it must be taken into account that it is sold by segments, for the connection of which the overlap is made (1 m). Therefore, when calculating, this fact is taken into account.
Suppose that the rod has one connection, then:
6 (the number of rods in the diagram) * 5 (number of walls) = 30 (number of clutches), which means that an additional 30 m of rods will be required.
Next:
222 + 30 = 252 m.
As a result, we get that it takes 252 m reinforcement.
Since, in addition to the aforementioned number of rods (ribbed), smooth reinforcement for the strip foundation (with a cross section of 8 mm) is also necessary, it is used to install horizontal jumpers and vertical racks. Therefore, let’s say that the gap between the jumpers is 50 cm. Then, to obtain the number of reinforced rings, the total length of the base is divided into a distance between the jumpers:
37 / 0.5 = 74 pcs.
In the event that the gap between the rods is 0.3 m, and the height of the lattice is 0.6 m, then the total perimeter of the reinforced ring is:
(0.3 + 0.6) * 2 = 1.8 m;
The total length of the rods for the rings will be:
74 * 1.8 = 133.2 m;
In order to take into account the possible trimming and overlap, it will be necessary to add 10%to the result, then for reinforced rings the next number of reinforcement will be required:
133.2 + 13.32 = 146.52 m, the result obtained is rounded and we get that it will take 147 m of the rods.
Calculation by weight
Since the reinforcement is more often weighed during sale, we will consider the table where the mass of the product is indicated:
The diameter of the rod (in cm)
Mass (in d)
0.8
222
1.0
395
1.2
888
1.4
1210
Applying the data of the table, we will calculate the weight of the rods necessary for reinforcing the foundation:
252 * 888 = 223776 or 223.8 kg – the required number of ribbed rods (12 mm);
147 * 395 = 58065 g or 58.1 kg – the number of smooth rods (10 mm).
This is important! Do not rely on the erroneous opinion that the stronger the rods are attached, the stronger the foundation. Do not connect the rods with welding, as it destroys the structure of the metal. Better compound with knitting wire, and for this, use a special hook.
Reinforcing cage
Typically, reinforcement is a metal frame in which the rods are placed on a certain gap from each other (indicated in the project). These data are completely dependent on such a value as the depth of the basis of the structure. Since the reinforcing frame of the tape foundation consists of cells, the parameters of which are limited (length – 0.4 m, width – 0.3 m), their depth depends on the load that is different and determined by the type of structure (cottage, multi -storey building, garage, garage, Bath and others.).
Tape
When performing the connections, it is better that there are no intermediate mounts, which will positively affect the strength and reliability of the reinforcing frame. The base is also equipped with at least three ventilation holes, which will also increase its durability.
Conclusion
For a durable and reliable strip foundation, quality material is acquired, but in order not to pay for the excess amount of material, it is necessary to make the correct calculation and identify for the building with a specific area, the right amount of metal rods, concrete, formwork, etc.
I also want to note that the mount or knit of the reinforcement is carried out with a special wire, while using a hook, screw paper clips or a pistol.
However, what kind of tool will you choose for strapping the rods, or which of the calculation methods, use the calculations, you solve, because the main task: to build a high -quality, strong and reliable tape reinforced foundation.