To build a wooden house, the monolithic foundation is most often used, since for its construction there is no need to use expensive equipment. In the construction of this type of foundation, there is no restriction in the form and structure of the building.
In the article, we consider what a strip monolithic foundation is and what types of it exist.
Types
There are three types of monolithic foundation:
Strip;
Columnar;
Solid.
The first type consists of a reinforced concrete strip that encircles the building.
This is important! The columnar foundation is a design consisting of pillars located not only at the corners of the structure, but also at the intersection of walls and at the place of the largest load. To fill up the interval between these pillars, large fractional sand or crushed stone is used, and poured with concrete (thick layer) on top. This design is suitable for building a light house.
A continuous monolithic foundation is laid under the whole structure, in the case when the soil can compress and squeeze the building.
A monolithic foundation compared to its other species has such an advantage as: the stove of the base of the building moves along with the movement of the soil layer, and therefore the house does not collapse under such conditions.
In turn, the strip foundation is divided into shallow and deepened types. The first of them forms a frame (horizontal) from a monolith, it is stable in heaving soil. This design is being erected for timber and log houses.
The second type is intended for stone buildings with a basement, basement or garage.
Ribbon monolithic foundation
Monolithic foundation construction technology
Stage 1. Marking
This work allows you to determine the boundaries of the rectangle of the site on which the house is being built.
For this:
They note all the axes of the structure, two ropes are pulled from the corner of the house, which mark two perpendicular walls (for example, the main and lateral facade);
Along with this, marking their thickness is made;
Applying the square, determine the fourth corner of the building;
To check the correctness of the marking, measure the diagonals, the size of which should coincide;
In the event that the structure is not rectangular, then applying the above principle above, other markings are made;
In this work, not only the axis of the ditch, but also outlining the horizontal point, indicate their depth and width.
Stage 2. Earthwork
Prior to the start of this work, it is necessary to remove the vegetable soil from the place of development. And in order for the site not to flood with rain and meltwater, they arrange an interchangeable ditch, which is placed at the highest point of the site.
The range of ditches is completely dependent on indicators such as the level of ground and groundwater, the type of soil on the site and the depth of trenches.
If there are no underground waters on the loam or clay land on the loop or clay land, then it is permissible to build vertical walls 1 or 1.2 m. And in other cases, the walls are temporarily strengthened with boards or make slopes.
In order to not be collected in the ditches of atmospheric precipitation and crumbling earth, they are digging before the construction of the foundation.
This is important! The depth of the foundation should correspond to the depth of the soil layer that will serve as a natural support during the construction of the building.
To increase the bearing capacity of the strip foundation of coarsely fractional gravel or sand, pillows are equipped, they tamp them and they turn into an artificial support for the base of the construction.
Sand pillow for a monolithic foundation
Stage 3. Underground waters
In the event that their level of occurrence is below the depth of freezing of the soil, then the foundation is laid deep into 50 – 70 cm. And if groundwater is located almost on the surface, while the soil is fluffy, then the base of the building is 0.2 m below the level of freezing of the soil.
For example, if we consider this indicator for the Moscow region, then it corresponds to 150 cm, and the depth of the monolithic strip foundation on the problem ground should be from 170 to 180 cm.
When arranging the base under the house, a material is necessary, which depends on the hydrogeological conditions of the region. On dry and less moist soil, the foundation for a low -rise building is made of a bottle of laundry or brick. And on the heating and wet soil for it, frost -resistant and moisture resistant material is used – high -strength concrete.
So that the aboveground part of the foundation, which rises above the ground at a distance of 30 to 50 cm, was made qualitatively, it is necessary to perform the formwork. Metal sheets or boards are used for it.
Monolithic strip foundation
Stage 4. Casting
To arrange a tape monolithic foundation, a concrete solution is necessary, since the device of such a base for the structure makes it possible to obtain a reinforced concrete tape of any configuration and shape. We also note that all joints of both external and internal walls are one whole structure that reinforces the concrete before pouring concrete.
The term of manufacture of such a foundation is longer than in the case of the use of another material, but this can be explained by the fact that concrete should gain certain strength, and this is necessary from three to four weeks.
The process of pouring the strip base is simple. Sand or sand-gravel mixture is poured to the bottom of the dug ditches and aligned. For the construction of a pillow, several stages are needed, between which they carry out a rammed and watering (water). Moreover, the thickness of these layers should be 30 – 50 cm, but there should not be more than 1/3 of the thickness of the monolithic foundation.
Further in the ditches and in the aboveground part of the future base (inside the established formwork), a frame assembled from reinforcing bars, which are fastened with a special wire, and then poured with a concrete solution. Filling is carried out using concreteany or manually by gutters.
In the article, we examined the device of a tape monolithic foundation and the rules for its construction. This is a fairly simple and not difficult job that you can do on your own. But if you don’t figure it out in something, it is better to contact specialists.