For the construction of houses in Europe, Canada and America for almost 50 years, as a non -vegetable formwork of foam is used, and therefore the construction of buildings is spent much less time. Its elements are somewhat reminiscent of a children’s designer, the details of which are clicking.
In fact, formwork of polystyrene foam is sheets of dense material connected by plastic or foam jumpers, the thickness of which can be from 5 to 10 cm. In order to protect the ends, use plugs made of the same material.
This type of formwork can be made in the form of hollow blocks with dimensions of 95x25x25 cm. The shape of each of them is peculiar, and therefore it can be collected according to the puzzle method. And in the working process, a reinforcing cage is put into it and tied with wire. After assembling 4 rows, the solution is poured into the blocks, and as the structure is erected, this process is repeated the right number of times. As a result, they get a wall insulated on both sides with foam, the thickness of which is up to 25 cm.
Advantages and disadvantages
Consider the advantages of this formwork, among which we highlight:
Installation speed, since the process is reduced by 2 or 3 times;
Low cost – costs three times cheaper than when erecting a house using conventional formwork (the calculation includes material and work);
The ability to apply for construction, both a small private house and four five -storey buildings;
The slight weight of the blocks makes it possible to work without the use of construction equipment;
The structure on both sides is insulated with foam.
Foam of polystyrene foam
Among the shortcomings we highlight:
Combustibility – formwork easily ignites;
Toxicity – it is possible to obtain poisoning;
The fragility of the blocks – at any time can crack;
It is impossible to carry out work in the winter;
The structure must be grounded or poured;
The moisture content of the walls using such formwork increases and therefore it is impossible to do without ventilation;
During construction, it cannot be used concrete with a content of 8 mm crushed stone.
Installation of formwork
Initially, any waterproofing material is laid on the base of the house: glass insulus, bicrost or rubemast. Further, starting from the corners, the polystyrene formwork is laid out, which is built in the same way as the walls of foam block or brick masonry. In those places where the angle should form, in the block, several “windows” are cut out on the side, through which the solution is filled and easily distributed concrete. This technology creates reinforced concrete design. The same “windows” are cut out in places of connection of external and internal walls.
This is important! After laying out the first layer in the recesses, which are located in the jumper of the blocks, 8 mm reinforcing rods (in two rows) are laid, and between them the vertical rods are installed to create a metal skeleton and everything is fastened with a wire.
In the event that the installation of the blocks is carried out not on the built foundation, but a specially erected base for them, then 12 mm rods are inserted to create strength in the structure. And the blocks are put on from above. If, when filling, they notice that the reinforcement is shorter, then they install new rods.
Installation of formwork from polystyrene foam
The structure of the structure occurs every three rows, and the rods are laid on the door and window jumpers. In the next row, indispensable formwork of polystyrene foam is laid with some displacement in relation to the previous one, this is necessary for the design to acquire rigidity. In this case, the connection of vertical rows occurs using a non -pressure pressure on the block. So form three four rows.
Precautions
During construction, it is necessary to take into account the fact that this material does not make mechanical exposure, since the formwork wall can be accidentally pierced. To prevent this from happening, labor personnel are being instructed, and after construction, a mandatory requirement is the cladding of internal and outer walls with siding, natural stone, ceramic tiles or whispering. These works will prevent its mechanical damage. The manufacturer solves this issue during production, and therefore foam reinforcement is performed.
This is done by two methods:
On the walls of formwork blocks, elastic plaster smears.
Applying special glue, apply fiberglass.
In fact, the formwork of extruded polystyrene foam becomes more durable, and there is no need to apply additional measures to protect it.
Pouring concrete solution of polystyrene formwork
In the process of filling with concrete solution, you can stain the wall from the outside, but since it will be finished after the construction, then this is not scary. To protect against dust, use a special film and adhesive tape, which is attached to it.
Also, during construction, there is always a risk of formwork fire, so it is better to use reinforced material. In order to avoid fire and reduce its risk, it is necessary to apply foam formwork, into which an isopyrene component, or foam -glass plastic (although it is not common, has protective properties against the fire).
Such a formwork is not combustible, since each component has a protective facing layer made of glass around it. And so that the rodents do not approach the structure and do not spoil it, a liquid fiberglass is added to the putty. Also, if work began in the cold season, then to scare away animals that want to hide in the underput use an ultrasound device.
Conclusion
If the formwork from the foam gives problems during construction work, then this may be due to the fact that:
Do not comply with the technology;
Acquired material of bad quality.
Therefore, always turn to specialists who will help, not only quickly build a high -quality country house, but also choose high -quality material for its construction. But if you decide to work yourself, then follow all the sanitary and SNiP norms and recommendations of professionals.