When erecting any building, the main high -quality foundation. Much depends on the correctness of its laying: the strength, reliability and durability of the whole house.
Until recently, during construction, four types of foundations were mainly used – strip, slab, columnar and pile, of which the first species was considered the most common, since it can be laid slightly below the level of freezing of the soil, but such structures are 45 % more expensive than the Finnish Building with a pile – a grillage type of foundation. Therefore, this type of foundation has gained great popularity, since non -removable formwork is used during its construction.
Also, the pile of the strip foundation (its second name) can be built on the slope, on the site with unstable and not even soil. Applying this type of base, you can build a massive, several storey house.
Scheme of pile-lental foundation
Rostierk: What is it and why?
This is important! This design is presented in the form of beams or plates, which are binded on the surface of the earth. The grillage is indispensable for the construction of a bathhouse, which is built on a frame basis and its main elements are associated with sponges, as well as if the string foundation is wide. If we consider the basis for the bath, then in our case it should be a monolithic, national or prefabricated monolithic.
Pile material and their types
For this structure, reinforced concrete, metal, concrete, wood are used. By constructive features, they distinguish:
Hanging piles – which transmit the load to the side surface of the structure;
racks – conveying the bearing capacity to the soil.
Recently, stuffed piles have been used, which are laid in pre -prepared wells, reinforced with single rods and poured with concrete, while the holes have a diameter of 12 cm. There are also clogging columns, which, using special equipment, are installed in the well.
Pile-lental foundation
Step -by -step instruction
Consider how to equip a pile with your own hands with your own pile, it is not so difficult, the main thing is to follow the instructions and do everything in stages.
Prepare the site – the upper layer of soil is removed from the site. Make markings. For this, pegs are driven and the corners of the future base under the house are marked, but at the same time it is necessary to retreat from the edge by 0.5 m. On the external and internal border of the foundation, as well as along the base axis, the twine is pulled. The location of the piles is marked, between which there should be 1.2 – 1.5 m. This work needs to start with the corners.
Piles are made – in the marked places, wells are broken down, which should have extensions (in the form of a bell). The depth of such a hole is 1.8 m, and the diameter is 0.3 m. Ruberoid glasses are inserted into them, which should have 0.1 m of a ledge above the ground. They are compacted with reinforcement (in four threads), which is bent below (this work is done using the hook), and goes beyond the piles above, which makes it possible to connect it with a grillage foundation in the future. Next, glasses are poured with concrete solution and tamped. After about 7 days, the heads of the piles are covered with bitumen (waterproofing).
They lay the grillage – the distances remaining between the piles to the entire width of the foundation, it is necessary to fill with sand, and lay the stripes of roofing material on it. Set 0.5 m formwork and, using the building level, make alignment horizontally. Before pouring concrete, strengthen it. At the same time, keep in mind that the width of the base should be 10 cm exceeding the width of the wall.
Mount the frame – a structure of reinforcing rods is installed inside the formwork, which should be connected by dressing (special) wire. This skeleton gives the grillage stiffness and strength. The reinforcing cage consists of their three levels, and the rods have a section of 12 mm.
Pour the grillage – check the strength of the formwork and pour the concrete solution inside it, as they fill it up, compact it. Applying the building level, check the horizontality of the upper plane. After about two weeks, the formwork is removed.
They are finishing – after they finish the dismantling of formwork, the grillage is cleaned of dust and garbage. Then waterproofing is laid on its surface (two layers: bitumen and roofing material). In order to create a gap between the canvas and the surface of the soil, the plot is cleaned from the sand under the grillage. The gap is necessary to protect the pillow from damage.
Location
Do piles – reinforcement
Experts distinguish between five methods of placing piles in the foundation:
Single – each is located under its own basis;
Tape – all piles are placed (evenly) around the perimeter of the structure;
Bushes – piles are located at points of the greatest bearing capacity and under the columns;
Stripes – if the grillage is long, then two or more rows of piles are used in the design. This location is beneficial for massive houses with pools;
Field – under the grillage of a large area, the location of the piles can be in a checkerboard pattern or rows.
Advantages and disadvantages of the structure
As it is clear from the article, the strip foundation on stilts is used on a area where moisture may remain in the upper soil layers for a long time.
Also, the advantages can be attributed to the fact that it helps to distribute the entire load evenly, and the piles-anchors, which during strong precipitation and in the autumn-spring period make it possible not to move around the basis of the structure.
Also, such a foundation can be built independently without outside help.
But at the same time it is necessary to take into account that this base also has disadvantages, which include:
It is quite difficult to make the necessary calculations independently;
The building cannot have a basement or basement, since the walls have a large mass and under them you can not have anything.
During the construction of a foundation of this type, you can also apply screw piles that can withstand 6 tons of the load, and the design bearing capacity is from 2 to 3 tons. But what type of piles to apply to solve the owner.