doi: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i23.2546 Summary Keywords diabetic kidney disease, gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) Citation Wang X, Liu X, Gong F, Jiang Y, Zhang C, Zhou W and Zhang W (2025) Targeting gut microbiota for diabetic nephropathy treatment: probiotics, dietary interventions, and fecal microbiota transplantation
NEP and APN in seminal plasma may reduce sperm motility, and inhibiting them has shown motility improvement in studies
Biomarkers for endothelial function, insulin sensitivity, intracellular signaling, maintaining DNA integrity , inflammation, metabolic flexibility, mitophagy (recycling old and damaged mitochondria) and cellular senescence (also called "zombie cells" as these cells have lost proper function, harm nearby cells and do not die off) are all improved
10.1196/annals.1320.016 24
These secondary messengers are hypothesized to increase calcium release from intracellular stores and activate protein kinase C (PKC), together contributing to vesicular secretion from somatotroph cells