Increased Cancer Risk: Some contaminants or impurities in unregulated peptides could have carcinogenic properties, potentially increasing the risk of cancer with long-term use
In AD, for example, inflammation exacerbates amyloid-beta accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation, thereby worsening neuronal damage
It plays a key role in neutralizing toxins, supporting immune function, and protecting cells from oxidative stress
Confounding by supplement excipients: many nutrient supplements [e.g., calcium carbonate (221), zinc gluconate (254)] contain excipients [e.g., lactose, maltodextrin] that can independently alter gut microbiota composition
Importantly, information regarding the indications, dosing, frequency, and duration of treatment remains unknown