Glutathione: The core ingredient for whitening and detoxifying
The mechanistic logic of complementarity (angiogenesis + cell migration) is plausible but relies on theoretical extrapolation
[DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 84.Balenovic D., Barisic I., Prkacin I., Horvat I., Udovicic M., Uzun S., Strinic D., Pevec D., Drmic D., Radic B., et al
Its defining structural feature is the gamma-glutamyl linkage: the glutamate residue is joined through its side-chain carboxyl rather than the usual alpha-peptide bond, which makes the molecule resistant to most intracellular peptidases and means it is cleaved almost exclusively by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase at the outer cell surface (Zhang, Forman and Choi, Methods in Enzymology, 2005)
Table 2 summarizes key studies done employing using various liposomal formulations