In mutant BRAF melanoma cells, although inhibition of BRAF V600E by vemurafenib reduced HIF-1 protein, TXNIP and ARRDC4 were shown to be upregulated by binding of the alternative transcription factor MondoA to the promoters of these genes [70]
This addresses the dietary preferences of modern consumers, especially flexitarians, who represent 46% of global consumers according to ADM's July 2025 '2025 Alternative Protein Landscape Report', creating a significant opportunity for plant-compatible functional ingredients
They help with satiety and GLP-1 secretion
Lysosomal damage pathway: Upon phagocytosis by macrophages, crystals cause lysosomal membrane rupture, releasing cathepsin B, which activates the NLRP3 inflammasome (Zhang, 2023)
(Most women tend to gain 1.5 pounds per year and men tend to gain 12 pounds per year in midlife